Narrative Essay

When joining the armed forces, you never quite know what will happen or what to expect next. It can be an amazing or a gruesome journey, but it depends on how you want it to be. At the beginning the journey might seems scary and intimidating, but as time goes on, you soon get use to the lifestyle and learn a great deal from the experience. Before I joined in November 2008, I was going through a marital problem, I was weak, intimidating, and I have no one or where to turn to. I applied for job in so many places with no luck, due to me moving to the States three years before applying for the jobs, giving birth, and also I was a staying home mom going to school. But as time went by I couldn’t take it any longer, so I decided looking in to joining the military. When I joined, I wanted to be independent, strong, care for my daughter, and to learn something new without being intimidated by anyone in anyway. I actually entered the Basic Combat training on the 15th of November 2008, when the plane dropped us at the South Carolina air port and, the bus took us from there to Fort Jackson. The bus finally pulled up outside the in-processing building in Fort Jackson South Carolina by 12:30am. All I could think about was my little girl, how she was sleeping, what was she thinking about when I left, did she cried herself to sleep, can I stay without my daughter for a day, and what in God’s name I just got myself into. We were all tired and sleepy, some of us looked like we have been deprived of sleep for a week, but we all came there for a reason. As the bus driver open the door a male drill sergeant stepped into the buss, and started screaming and yelling at us to get off the bus. I never saw people who have been sleeping and look so tired to move that fast, but everyone was scrambling all over each other looking for an exit, because no one want to be the first to get chewed up. As we stepped out of the bus, we formed two lines, one with the girls and one with the boys. As we stood there, I was scared, nervous; my heart was pounding so fast, because I have never been in that position before in my life. I felt like my neck tense up, which made my head feels like it was about to fall of my body, but I was telling myself that I can do this, and reminding myself of the reason why I was here. We were out there for thirty minutes before they put us in a room, and sat us down according to our numbers, and were we came from. We were given a book called the smart book, which mean it has to be with us all day, and learn what the book says. It was intense: we had to learn so many things throughout our stay in Basic Training. We got our pt uniform (Physical Training gear) that early morning, and we went to sleep by 2:15am. It was a scary and crazy experience. I slept but we had to wake up about 6am, because we have to go through so many in-processing. I was so tired, my eyes were puffy, and hurt, my ankles hurt, but I have to toughen it up. We had to get tested for diseases, eye testing, and a number of other things. All those time, I thought about my little girl a lot, I cried every day, because I have never been separated from child since I gave birth to her, and that was the first time I have ever been away from her. I wondered what she was doing, how she feared, if she was eating the way she was supposed to, how much she missed me, even though I was only gone for 6 days, I felt so alone without my daughter. We had to wake up very early in the morning by 0040, stood in parade rest, in the cold for 4 hours with just pt pant, long shirt, and jacket. That did not help with the cold, because it was so cold, that my fingers were frozen, I could not felt it moving. We have no phone privilege during the reception, because we were being baby sit by the drill sergeant most of the time, and when I said being baby sit, I mean being smoked, pushed up, sit up, floor rocate, you name it, but you can’t let them see crying, because when they, you will be sorry for shedding a tears. All this time we were at a place called reception which was for 4 days, but we spent 6days, where all the loose ends with our paper work were done. The actual physical training was done at a different place in Fort Jackson. The sergeants were still very tough on us. About a month into the training I found myself used to the routine, even though the journey was tough, I endured everything. I hated pt, because we ran a lot, and my ankle hurt, but I kept pushing myself. My pt sucks at the beginning, but my sergeant won’t let me fail, because she was always on me, making sure that, I do not fail. I failed my first pt, second pt, third pt, but I passed at the end, with a good percentage. Before we knew we were making friends, looking out for each other, laughing together, and getting ready to graduate to go to AIT. Which is Advance Individual Training? But there were some ladies who cannot stand each other; there were time of argument, gossiping, jealousness, but we all live under the same roof and trained together. I endure the most horrifying road match, training, being smoked by my drill sergeant, and the long pt. Most times, I broke down and cried, because I thought that was a punishment, but looking back today, it was a training that was mean to save my life and others too. I become a very strong and independent woman, whom no one can intimidate no matter. I can stand up for myself in any situation, and I don’t let anyone take advantage of me.

Pest analysis of auto industry Essay

Type of Educational Organization: School Training Centre College Others 2. Number of successful years your organization has completed: Below 5 5-10 10-15 15&Above 3. You use the internet for: Regularly on a daily basis Twice a week May be once in a week Not at all 4. Main purpose of using the internet/online presence? Please select all that apply. Work-related Study-related Email News Banking Entertainment If other, please explain 5. The technologies implemented in your Educational Organization? Bio-metric Attendance Solution CCTV Security Office Accounting System Library Management System Please mention if any ______________________________________________ 6. The source you will use to collect the study materials for your students: Please select all that apply Text Books eBooks Journals Previous year’s documents If any website, please Specific Website (Except Google): Time you spend on your office computer: Less than 30 minutes 30-60minutes 1-2 hours More than 2 hours If you are not using internet, what is the main reason for it? We don’t have time It is not interesting We do not want any publicity We don’t want to share it Device you and your students use to access the internet: Please select all that apply. Mobile phone Tablet computer such as iPad, Samsung Galaxy Tab, etc. Laptop computer Desktop computer The aspect of EDU-ERP appeals to you the most in your campus: Please select all that apply. Connecting with Parents of your students Connecting with Resource people Connecting with Teaching & Non-teaching Staff Connecting with Students Have you ever subscribed to one or more Education Blogs/Websites? Yes No If yes, please specify the blogs/websites names: Information requirements of an organization can be determined by Consulting Principal/Administrator directly Through telephone calls Through e-Brochure and Mailing Others Changing an operational information system into EDU-ERP system is: Impossible Expensive and done selectively Never required Usually done On a scale of 1-10 (10 being the greatest impact) how would you rank the impact of implementing EDU-ERP in your Educational Organization ? 1 2345  6 78910 For what reason, Management team in their own organization will not design EDU-ERP? Systems have to interact with other systems They do not have the special skills necessary to design systems It is not their job   They are always very busy

You have been invited by the government of Trinidad and Tobago (West Essay

You have been invited by the government of Trinidad and Tobago (West -Indies) to advise the political leader on economic development initiatives that can help - Essay Example Windfalls from surging prices of energy, exploitation activities of new gas fields and moves towards industrial capacity expansion have contributed in no small measure to vibrant economic activity, strengthening of foreign reserves and excess liquidity witnessed in the financial system. Certain indicators like capacity strains in the construction and other sectors, tightening of the labor market and an accelerated inflation point towards the operation at full or near potential of the economy. To ensure that Trinidad and Tobago’s economy is improved upon and achieves a high performing economy status, the need for certain economic development initiatives cannot be overemphasized. According to a 1999 estimate, the GDP of the country stood at about $9.41 billion dollars at growth rate of about 5%.the purchasing power parity or GDP per capita also stood at about $8500 in 1999.A further breakdown of composition by sector of the GDP reveals that services has the highest input of 54% followed by industries with 44% and by agriculture with 2%-according to a 1998 estimate. Exports from the country in 1998 had a value of $2.4bn (f.o.b).In order to raise the standard of living for current and future generations, there is an important need to strike a delicate balance of efficient investment of energy windfalls in promoting social objectives and economic diversification while avoiding an overheating of the economy and inflationary trends by the strategic pacing of energy reven ues. It is important to note that, the gulf between the non-energy sector and its energy counterpart has widened with the non-energy sector witnessing a fiscal deficit alongside an accelerated public spending increase. Urgent steps need to be taken so as to reverse overdependence on revenues from the oil sector. Human development and infrastructure should be allocated high-quality spending. Given the upward trend in inflation and the real

Did Edward Snowden do more good or harm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Did Edward Snowden do more good or harm - Essay Example he security and peace of the Britain and other populations in the west, then the Snowden leaks have been devastating and have caused a lot of harm (Scruton 2013; Whitehead, Hope and Swinford 2013). On the other hand, there are those who say that the Snowden leaks have done worlds of good. One, the leaks have awakened the American public to the reality of the massive, pervasive and unauthorized intrusions into their privacy by government. Such awareness has in turn caused many Americans to speak out and spark a debate into extent of civil liberties and the right to privacy on the one hand and the need of government to secure its well-being and the safety and peace of the general population through the conscious trespassing of those liberties on the other (Desilver 2014; Newport 2013). On balance, this paper argues that Snowden’s actions have both had done harm and good A nuanced consideration of the arguments from both sides of the debate tell us that the consequences of his ac tions are complex. The underlying issues of personal freedoms and civil liberties versus government policing and surveillance in pursuit of securing the peace has ever been a source of tension in a rich and never-ending tug and pull dynamic between these opposing forces (Mirkinson 2013; Scherer 2013). On the one hand we have legal experts opining that the surveillance programs and tools used by the NSA and counterpart agencies in other countries are in essence necessary evils in a world where terrorists have access to the same technologies, and where those programs and tools have aided in the suppression and arrest of terrorists and their activities (Omand 2014; Johnson et al. 2014). 9/11 is being highlighted in discussions of how such surveillance programs have averted potential recurrences of such an event moving forward from that catastrophe, in an argument in support of the general view that by compromising such activities to detect and prevent 9/11 events, Snowden has terribly

The use of Derivatives markets and products by a company Essay

The use of Derivatives markets and products by a company - Essay Example Derivatives serve as ideal substitutes for complex investment strategies at a minimal cost. (Haugh and Lo 2001) Firms using derivatives have lesser risk exposure than which do not use.(Hentschel and Kothari, 2001) The banks who have used interest rate derivatives have shown higher growth in lending than those banks who do not use derivatives. (Brewer, Minton, and Moser 2000) From Micro-economic point of view, derivatives in different forms have the following functions. Swaps: These are mostly OTC contracts having longer period than options and futures and serve the purpose of meeting needs single client of a Bank or any institution. They afford firms to have new investment opportunities to hedge against any risks in currency rates, interest rates, and credit default etc. It is the periodical payments that represent the risks undertaken by these contracts and not their notional value. Futures: These are capable of increasing market efficiency and liquidity. Depending on national and international laws, this type of derivatives display very high transparency and are used to hedge and speculate in financial and commodity segments. Options: These are similar to futures but do not reflect clearly the underlying assets and do not give unique empirical results unlike options. The notional value does not represent the risk undertaken but the premium paid for opening and closing signify the extent of investment. Repos: These are unique to inter-banking transactions between RCB and European inter-bank system and are meant for finance liquidity rather than to hedge or speculate. The use of derivatives by a company is proposed to be demonstrated in this paper by the example of Glaxo Smithkline (GSK), world's one of the largest pharmaceutical giants. GSK uses derivatives among various finance instruments to finance its operations and manage market risks. The company's derivatives are mainly foreign currency contracts, interest rates and currency swaps. It uses them for swapping of its borrowings and liquid assets into currencies needed for the entire group of the plc. It uses derivatives to guard against changes in foreign exchange currency rates and interest rates. The derivatives are not used for speculation but only used to hedge against its own risks stemming from targeted business operations. It neither issues nor holds derivative financial instruments for trading purposes as a company policy. They are initially shown at cost in the Balance Sheet and revalued subsequently on the relevant reporting dates at fair value. The ones that are treated as hedges are designated as fair value hedges, cash flow hedges or net investment hedges. Changes in fair value of derivatives designated as fair value hedges are shown in the income s tatement with corresponding entries in the hedged asset or liability. Those designated as cash flow hedges are reflected in equity to the extent they are effective. The remaining portion that is not effective is reflected in profit and loss account at the same time. Those deferred in equity are later taken to income statement when the hedged asset results in

Capital Structure and Leverage Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Capital Structure and Leverage Practices - Essay Example The family dollar company is basically a chain of stores that offer different assorted products such as clothing, food, and other supplies that a common family needs. This fact about the company's standing as a proper resource of practical items that is needed by the common family gives it a bit of an edge in making specific name in the market. Refinements and Growth. Refinements have been made through the years but its marketing edge remains to be meeting the needs of its customers for good quality but low cost merchandise (Family Dollar). The company basically thrived within a basic improved growth during the 1980's but gradually the growth slowed down during the 1900's when particular retail store brands already entered the arena of modern business industries such as that of Wal-Mart. "Over the years, Family Dollar has matured into a highly sophisticated retailer while staying true to its roots. An efficient distribution system, astute management and adoption of new technology and systems have enabled Family Dollar to keep up its industry-leading metrics in new store sales productivity, return on invested capital and comparable-store sales" (http://findarticles.com) Today, although the Family Dollar company remains to be within the competition, it is surely in need of improving its ways to keep up with what other competitor organizations put up for the establishment of a better standing in the industry of international retailing. The company now belongs to the Fortune 400 and S&P 500. THE COMPANY'S CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND LEVERAGE PRACTICES During the 1970's it could be seen how the stock shares of the company grew to a level of competitive stand within the stock market. This was the time when it went public for at least $14.50 per share. From this particular standing, the business began to grow towards prosperity and increased rate of profits in an annual basis. As the business grew towards a more inquisitive sense of market control, the ways by which the business have seen their practical position in the industry as a particular competitive organization in the field of retail marketing and product distribution. The CEO's that come and go in the company have effectively managed the capital of the business. However, because of the preserved views towards earning more through establishing more branches, the balance of seeing matters clearly have placed the Family Dollar in quite a stable yet non-moving position in the industry as larger organizations come into the scene. This is the reason why there is a need to shift the focus from profit to customer satisfaction considerations. "Despite being the underdog in sales and store count, Family Dollar is still the favored stock of many analysts due to a strong growth outlook and best-in-class financial metrics that give it an edge over Dollar General" (http://findarticles.com) The company seems comfortable going public as it constantly declares dividends while also actively looking for investment opportunities. The company gives quarterly dividends to its investors and has specifically reported an 8% increase in dividends at the start of 2009. Recently, Family Dollar Company was reported to make a presentation "to the investment community at Barclays Capital Retail and Restaurants Conference" (Family Dollar). ANALYSIS OF THE COMPANY'S CAPI

Ernst & Young Inc Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ernst & Young Inc - Case Study Example Its span to Europe, Middle East, Africa, America, Asia-Pacific and Japan and its service line of Assurance, Tax, Advisory and Transaction Advisory services does not give it the luxury to hire new employees every time. Training employees is an expensive affair and waste of resource, rehiring of employees is a cheaper method. Each employee in an organization brings a different skill and expertise that make the organization run more efficiently and be productive. Those employees that are inconsistent with the company policy of work ethics and do not conform to the company’s policy should not be rehired when they leave. A former employee would reapply owing to the following reasons: 1. Posting of job vacancies on the website may create a feeling not being appreciated by the company as competent for the job. They may feel as if the company does not consider them qualified enough for existing positions. 2. Employees who left the organization, pursued other areas or even the same area of expertise, and are doing well, may create a desire for the current employees to leave and pursue their career development out of the

Polyvinylchloride Contraversy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Polyvinylchloride Contraversy - Essay Example The main characteristics of PVC include:Excellent thermal and sound insulation: PVC has extremely low thermal conductivity provides superior heat insulation. This makes it suitable for use in windows and electric cables among others.PVC is flexible in design: It can be utilized safely in numerous circumstances.PVC requires no maintenance: It is not affected by atmospheric agents because it is manufactured from stable materials.PVC is flame retardant: It is self-extinguishing thus used in construction and all other areas of application.The characteristics of PVC make it suitable for many uses. It is used in:Building and construction: PVC is widely used in building and construction. It is used for windows, doors, pipes, shutters, frames and tiles among others (Joyce, 2005).Automobile: PVC is used to manufacture various car components such as dashboards, doors and electrical cabinets among others.Electricity and electronics: PVC is used to make electric cables for both domestic and indu strial use, pipes and sockets among other electric appliances. Packaging: PVC is commonly used to package foodstuffs as well as pharmaceuticals (Rapra Technology Limited, 2 007).Manufacturing or vinyl toys.Despite its extensive use and low cost, PVC has not been without controversy over its safety. Research has shown that high amounts of phthalates are toxic to human health. Earl Gray revealed in his work that male reproductive development is highly responsive to certain phthalates.

Consider the application of a business model to mental health services Dissertation

Consider the application of a business model to mental health services - Dissertation Example Simply ask What, Where, How, and Why in a business model. Holistic views wellness of the entire body without the intervention of drugs and costly high tech treatments first. It focuses on the self-healing processes, one’s entire body, mind, emotions, and spiritual life. Holistic also incorporates new and old methods of healing to naturally benefit the body. It also addresses a person’s symptoms, but the person as a whole; what is the current situation in the patient’s life, and how it can be managed effectively. Holistic also offers an active role to the patient in his own healing process through mind, body and spirit. Focusing on a natural diet, herbal support when necessary, and exercises that benefit the entire body and mind. Basically, being in tune with your own body, listening to what it is trying to convey to you. Is there pain? If so, there is a need to change the regimen of healing and focus on what will alleviate that pain with a natural whole body eval uation. Focusing on the part of the body that needs repair and maintenance, and giving that area specific attention in relief of the symptoms but with natural remedies. Addressing the question: Is a business model incompatible with the holistic model? One must first answer these questions. What, Where, How, and Why? If you can answer these four questions in regard to mental health services, then you have your answer. Let’s address them. What? What are you offering? Applied to Mental Health, what are you offering your market? You are offering a full package, how to manage symptoms, pain, and illness in a natural holistic way that creates a better life and longevity to your patient. You are offering this without drugs or costly highly technical innovations that can be detrimental to the bodies natural healing processes and symptom detection. Since you are dealing with the entire body processes, you are also offering a reading on the body symptoms. You are offering a solution ta ilored to specific individual needs, and suggested therapies to correct the problem. You are offering a continued maintenance of these therapies, lifestyle assessment, and natural therapies using medicine as a co-agent alternative. You are also offering an alternative to drugs that give low risk and conservative options. You are also offering a solution and end result of restoration, regeneration and transformation. You are emphasizing natural healing through listening to the bodies’ senses. What is the process you offer? Where? Where will your market be? Will you be targeting local individual markets? If so, will you be using referrals? Will you be advertising? Will you be using the Internet? And will social media be another outlet for your market? Where do you want to position yourself in the current market after you decide what you are offering? Where should you position yourself according to the market you want to target? Do you want to position yourself in a clinical atm osphere within a hospital? Do you want to position yourself in a private practice? Or, you may want to position yourself with a group medical practice? Where will you be performing your services? This question applies to where you will position yourself within the market you intend to enter. Do you want to target only one

Dickens’ Victorian Critique of Church and State Essay Example for Free

Dickens’ Victorian Critique of Church and State Essay There is not much question in a look at his career’s work, that Charles Dickens was by his nature a harsh social critic. He would often make his characters morally objectionable in order to demonstrate the ills of society and would take an especially great interest in showing the iniquities of Church and State. In the deeply unequal England of the Victorian era, Dickens felt that he saw a lot of suffering, a great many people in need and a visible disgust of the rich toward the poor. The fact that these conditions had associated so closely with the premise of God and Crown had drawn out in critics such as Dickens as sharp distaste for the British institution girding both. That is why so many of his works centered on the relationship of the rich and poor, separated as such by the unwelcome permeation of authority of the former over the latter. The labor conditions Dickens explores in Hard Times through such figures as Stephen are contrasted sharply by the life of decadence and sanctimony denoting the figure of Josiah Bounderby. Clearly the figure through who Dickens channels the greatest pitch of protest, there is a clear hostility toward the hypocrisy and meanness which allows Bounderby to prevail over the poor of Coketown with a divinely entitled and self-declared superiority. It is here that Dickens captures the Victorian era’s undercurrent of resentment of the exploitation of God and Church for the interests of rendering selective such universal entitlements as faith and justice. In Bounderby, we are given the opportunity to view the justice system in Dickens’ time as something principally founded on inequality, determining a process which is governed by an aristocratic jurisdiction over that which deemed righteous, just and moral. All of these concepts emerge in Bounderby, and especially in a notable encounter with Stephen, suggest the most demonstrably inappropriate misuse of religious principles. In Hard Times, published in 1854, Dickens shows that he is specifically interested in dealing with a current problem of labor abuse. He draws a deeply negative picture of the rationalist political movement with which Bounderby may be identified. This was a powerful movement at the time in England. Rationality was focused on facts, which Dickens believed were used to give strict control over education, values and even creativity. This would impact the making of religion and justice too. The chief characterization of Bounderby captures this points exceedingly well, remarking that â€Å"there was a moral infection of claptrap in him. Strangers, modest enough elsewhere, started up at dinners in Coketown, and boasted in quite a rampant way, of Bounderby. They made him out to be the Royal arms, the Union-Jack, Magna Charta, John Bull, Habeas Corpus, the Bill of Rights, an Englishman’s house is his castle, Church and State, and God Save the Queen, all put together. † (52) The declaration, clearly satirical in its delivery, is nonetheless a premise upon which we will find Bounderby behaving in the most repugnant of ways. When the aforementioned Stephen, an honest laborer detained in a marriage with an abusive and alcoholic wife, goes to Bounderby, the wealthy mill owner and a public judge, he is denied a request for divorce. Bounderby denies him because poor laborers like him are not expected to have the money to have a divorce. In the scene between Stephen and Bounderby, we can see how the justice system is deeply imbalanced, as are the attitudes of the people in the justice system. When Stephen argues that the legal system wouldn’t let him get a divorce was a ‘muddle,’ Bounderby disciplines him, â€Å"Don’t you talk nonsense, my good fellow,. . . about things you don’t understand; and don’t you call the Institutions of your country a muddle , or you’ll get yourself into a real muddle one of these find mornings. The institutional of your country are not your piece-work, and the only thing you have got to do, is, to mind your piece-work. You didn’t take your wife for fast and for loose; but for better for worse. If she has turned out worse—why, all we have got to say is, she might have turned out better† (Hard Times, 84) The response, which only makes Stephen more angry, shows how Dickens’ really likes to use the writing device of irony. As Bounderby and Mrs. Sparsit, who is a rich, high-class woman with a divorce, together call Stephen guilty of ‘impiety,’ we know that the two are having some sort of inappropriate relationship with one another. This casts a blaring spotlight on the hypocrisy at the root of his cruel religiosity. Bounderby takes on the mantle of Dickens’ twinned reproach for the system and church which had conspired to make England so deeply unequal a place. That God had come to overwhelm the senses of justice and humanism seems a clear justification to Dickens that the core morality of religion had by the Victorian age been exposed for the bastard-child of human conceit which it had come to embody. Indeed, in the above claim by Bounderby against Stephen, was can see that Dickens is be very sarcastic when he uses the word ‘impiety. ’ Particularly, the statement is delivered at the expense of a poor man, demonstrating a perceived relationship between righteousness and social class. The cruel and empowered judge would characterize himself as the man of God, so noted for his chosen rank and certainly not, from the reader’s (or Dickens’) perspective, because of his admirable moral disposition.. The outcome of Stephen’s visit to Bounderby and Sparsit is that his poor, labor-class status renders him morally, and thus legally, forbidden from divorce. A clear symptom of the Victorian era, we can see Dickens taking particular pains demonstrate that manner in which religion and justice had come to falsely associate. The vitriol which Bounderby aims at Stephen is powerfully representative of the purpose in this association, allowing the wealthy to prevail over fundamental personal institutions such as the faith, family and welfare of the poor. Works Cited Dickens, C. (1870). Hard Times. Barnes Noble Classics.

The Problems Facing Third World Countries Politics Essay

The Problems Facing Third World Countries Politics Essay Economist Alfred Sauvy in an article in the French magazine L Observateur (August 14, 1952) comprehended the expression Third World. It was a premeditated excerpt to the Third Estate of the French Revolution. This phrase earned universal recognition during the Cold War where many poorer nations remained neutral and convene together to form a non-aligned third world bloc. During the Cold War USA and its allies were considered as the First World countries while the East was considered as Second World countries. However, the term Second World has never gained any recognition. Egypt, India and Yugoslavia were the original members of the third world countries. Today, Asia, Africa, Oceania and Latin America are considered as Third World as most of the countries belonging to these continents are underdeveloped. Underdeveloped in the sense that they are still struggling to get rid of the issues related to poverty, water and sanitation, population growth, low per capita income, and unemployment leading to unrest and less industrialization. This unjustified distribution of resources has divided the world into have and have not countries. In general terms, they are identified as Developed and Developing Countries. Developed countries are well-equipped with resources and are progressing to advancement while the developing countries are under severe stress due to the above factors. All such countries known as Third World Countries face the same problems of stigmatization by the developed countries First world Countries. The underdevelopment of the Third World Countries is marked by a number of common traits; distorted and highly dependent economies devoted to producing primary products for the developed world and to provide markets for their finished goods; traditional, rural social structures; high population growth; and widespread poverty. Nevertheless, the Third World is sharply differentiated, for it includes countries on various levels of economic development. And despite the poverty of the countryside and the urban shantytowns, the ruling elites of most Third World Countries are wealthy. One of the major problems of Third World Countries is water. Since the advent of humankind, civilizations fought for water for their survival whether through democratic processes or military escalation. It has been said that the future wars will be fought in a struggle to control the water resources where third world countries will be hardly hit (Agence France Presse, 2001). Availability of drinking water and its accessibility for other uses lead to conflicts within the nations and ethnic groups. For instance, Indo-Pak political confrontation can be viewed from a different angle, which is the distribution of water through rivers. Though both the countries are following the Indus Water Treaty, very often there is a conflict over river water distribution and dams construction. A solution by the governments of these nations, be it through policy formulation or other mechanical means may help plough their ways to economic growth. Poverty is another major problem facing Third World Countries. It has various serious consequences on human lives. With the rising rates of poverty, many of the local citizens face problems of famine and lack of lodging. An obvious example would be India. Poverty comes with lack of hygiene and this favors the proliferation of various harmful bacteria which results in the development of diseases such as cholera, malaria, etc. People either do not have enough facilities or these facilities are too expensive to overcome such diseases. Overpopulation most of the third world countries are facing difficulties in adjusting their population explosion within their boundaries, resulting in migration of people from their home countries to the developing or developed nations. The biggest example is Bangladesh and India from where people migrate to the Middle East or even China, which is already highly populated. Due to over-population and relatively limited resources, China has a One child rule where a couple can only bear a single child. If the economy of a nation cannot sustain its population, it is definitely bound to fail. With the increase in population, there arise complimentary problems such as the need for better housing, antagonism for social infrastructure, a bombarded national budget and the prevalent problem of unemployment. Having said this, there is a need for population regulation so as to create a better environment for economic growth. Another problem in the recent times is Globalization that upholds that everyone must benefit from modern transformation (Phil Marfleet, 1998). Emerging technology is doing more harm than good to Third World Countries. First World Countries use highly updated technology for example to manufacture clothing, food and other items; they no longer use the cheap labor from third world countries, which in turn leads to unemployment and poverty. Again, the third world countries being the struggling economies are unable to reap the benefits as they are already encircled within their basic problems. Furthermore, the gap between the first world countries and the third world states continues to widen in all aspects. Poor nations are becoming even poorer in contrast to rich nations which are getting richer than ever. It is important that G8 nations should derive some solution to the problems of third worlds migrating labor class rather than implementing more and more technology based industrial un its. An even more threatening plight to the development of Third World Countries is terrorism. Terrorism is the use of violence against civilians by sub-national groups for political purposes. A sense of perceived injustice and the belief that violence will effectively redress it is the ideal breeding growth of terrorism. It has occurred throughout history but today the world is experiencing a global rebirth of attacks. The whole world is getting familiar with Arab and Muslim names. Terrorism therefore is designed to have psychological effects that reach farther beyond the impact on the immediate victims of an attack. The growing terrorist population is becoming more and more dangerous, with new organizations forming out of nothing. Politicians make terrorism a blame game and throw mud on each other. Also, the terrorist groups have the power to bribe or corrupt the public officials that aim to shut them down. Ending terrorist threats requires imaginative and fluid thinking, whether to att ack the roots of terrorism or neutralize a particular group. Education is the most neglected area in a countrys economic policies. Third World Countries lag behind since they may either have insufficient funds devoted to literary growth or these funds are wasted wrongfully. A big part of the population is illiterate due to wrong planning. Under such circumstances these countries have failed to excel in Science and Technology. In addition, there is intellectual ignorance from the government as they deliberately ignore the issue of education. Any stable economy must drink from the brook of literacy without which a nation would be intellectually malnourished. Debts have crippled many developing countries. Often based on loans taken out by prior rulers and dictators (many of which various Western nations put into power to suit their interests), millions face poorer and poorer living standards as precious resources are diverted to debt repayment. In this regard, the question of transparency and corruption being evident In Third World Countries emerge. Many third world countries especially in Africa have been sited as having some of the most corrupted government officials in the world. These dictators squander money meant for development as they appeal for more donations from the developed nations. This has led to sanctioning of several Heads of States from getting into some European nations due to their corruption records. As if this is not enough, some Heads of States have clung to power forcefully and by so doing, they drive their economies to the ground. For example Zimbabwe faces the highest rate of inflation where its currency has totally lots its international value. Dictatorship and corruption are greatly accredited to the slow growth in the economy of the developing nations. Foreign aid, and indeed all the efforts of existing institutions and structures, have failed to solve the problem of underdevelopment. The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) held in New Delhi in 1971 suggested that one percent of the national income of industrialized countries should be devoted to aiding the third world. That figure has never been reached, or even approximated. In 1972 the Santiago (Chile) UNCTAD set a goal of a 6 percent economic growth rate in the 1970s for the underdeveloped countries. But this, too, was not achieved. The living conditions endured by the overwhelming majority of the 3 billion people who inhabit the poor countries have either not noticeably changed since 1972 or have actually deteriorated. In conclusion, we have to identify these factors that are contributing to the slow growth of the developing nations and try to bring a revolutionary approach towards them. These issues are however complicated by the stereotypes of what third world and first world countries are like. People in the first world, for example, often describe third world countries as underdeveloped, overpopulated, and oppressed. Third world people are sometimes portrayed as uneducated, helpless, or backwards. Modern scholarship has taken steps to make academic discourse more conscious of the differences not only between the first world and the third world, but also among the countries and people of each category. Let there be a universal change in ideologies that may enhance a growth in the economies of the third world countries hence put an end to the global stratification..

Human Gene Therapy Essay -- Genetics Science Biology Essays

Human Gene Therapy Imagine this, you have just married your college sweetheart this past summer. You have now been happily married for over a year and you find out that the two of you are going to be parents. So as the typical soon to be mom and dad so commonly do, the two of you start going to the doctor for checkups to make sure the pregnancy is running smoothly. Early in the pregnancy you hear the worst, your baby has a fatal disease. The two of you are terribly heart broken over the situation. You tell your doctor that abortion is out of the question because you do not believe in it. On the other hand the doctor hits you with the question, "What about gene therapy?" Unfortunately you and your spouse look dumbfounded at each other because you have no idea what the doctor just said. So, what exactly is Human Gene Therapy? Well, in the next couple of pages I am going to cover some of the basic ideas of human gene therapy, discuss some of the public debates, and wrap things up with my personal opinion. Gene therapy is basically genotypic pharmacology. This involves the use of factors which modify the genetic composition of a given cell or group of cells. As a result of the idea for human gene therapy, a new technique of treatment for many human diseases has been developed. The factors that contribute to the treatments are either gene products, or are capable of interacting with gene products, or have the ability to interact with gene products in an individual cell or a group of cells. The interactions of contributing factors to gene therapy success are extremely capable of regulating particular genes, which either directly or indirectly, leads to the cure of a disease. As a result of this interaction an eventual cure of th... ...e lifespan and population. So, I am going to leave you with these few words. Maybe the human race should be thankful for what we currently have and the limited time we have left on earth. To me a basketball game with no final whistle would have no meaning. So would immortality. References Rehmann-Sutter, Christoph "The Ethics of Human Gene Therapy." The Hastings Center Report, May 1999, v.29, 3, 43 Begley, Sharon. "Designer Babies. (altering unborn babies through gene therapy)" Newsweek, 9 November 1998: 61 (1) Friend, Tim. "Patient gets first MD gene therapy." USA Today 3 September 1999: A1 10/15/1999:http://www.boil.tsukuba.acjp/~macer/Papers/GTN95A.html 10/15/1999:http://piebald.princeton.edu/mb427/1997/students/therapy/main.html 10/15/1999:http://www.med.upenn.edu/ihgt/info/whatisgt.html 10/15/1999:http://www.med.upenn.edu/ihgt/info/topic1.html

Acid Rain 10 :: essays research papers

Acid rain is exactly what it suggests- rain that is acidic. The definition of "acid rain" is rain with a pH of below 5.6. Rain becomes acidic because of gases that dissolve in the rain. Approximately 70% of acid rain is a result of dissolved sulfur dioxide (SO2) which forms Sulfuric Acid. The remaining 30% or so comes from various Nitrogen Oxides (mostly NO2 and NO3 which has collectedly adopted the mane Nox). There is also a small percentage of hydrochloric acid that makes up hydrochloric acid as well. The equation is as follows: Sulfuric acid when it joins with hydrogen atoms in the air: SO3(g) + H2O(l) = H2SO4(aq) In the air, the nitrogen ion becomes nitric or nitrous acid: NO2(g) + H2O(l) = HNO3(aq) + HNO2(aq) Sulfur dioxide is a colorless, prudent gas released as a by-product of combusted fossil fuels containing sulfur. What causes this is a variety of industrial processes, such as the production of iron and steel, utility factories, and crude oil processing. In iron and steel production, the smelting of metal sulfate ore produces pure metal. This causes the release of sulfur dioxide. Sulfur dioxide can also be emitted into the atmosphere ny natural disasters or means. This ten percent of all sulfur dioxide emission comes from volcanoes, sea spray, plankton, and rotting vegetation. The oxides of nitrogen are by-products of firing processes of extreme high temperatures, for example: automobiles, and utility plants; and in chemical industries, for example: fertilizer production, etc. Also, natural processes such as bacterial action in soil, forest fires, volcanic action, and lightning make up five percent of nitrogen oxide emission. Transportation makes up 43 percent, and 32 percent belongs to industrial combustion. There are a number of things that acid rain effects in our environment. Forests, soil, lakes, streams, rivers, materials, and essentially mankind. One of the most serious impacts that acid rain has on our environment is acid deposition on our trees and soil. When Sulfuric Acid falls on the earth in rain, nutrients in the soils are washed away. Some of the aluminum also present in the soil is released and can be absorbed by the roots of trees. This causes the trees to starve to death because they are deprived of their vital nutrients such as calcium and magnesium. Sometimes the sulfur dioxide doesn’t get converted to sulfuric acid. In fact, there is a large amount that can float into the atmosphere and return to earth unconverted.

Flappers and Mothers: New Women in the 1920s Essay -- American History

Flappers and Mothers: New Women in the 1920s Frederick Lewis Allen, in his famous chronicle of the 1920s Only Yesterday, contended that women’s â€Å"growing independence† had accelerated a â€Å"revolution in manners and morals† in American society (95). The 1920s did bring significant changes to the lives of American women. World War I, industrialization, suffrage, urbanization, and birth control increased women’s economic, political, and sexual freedom. However, with these advances came pressure to conform to powerful but contradictory archetypes. Women were expected to be both flapper and wife, sex object and mother. Furthermore, Hollywood and the emerging â€Å"science† of advertising increasingly tied conceptions of femininity to a specific standard of physical beauty attainable by few. By 1930, American women (especially affluent whites) had won newfound power and independence, but still lived in a sexist culture where their gender limited their opportunities and defined the ir place in society. World War I and industrialization both brought greater economic autonomy to American women. With immigration curtailed and hundreds of thousands of men needed for the armed forces, women’s labor became a wartime necessity. About 1.5 million women worked in paying jobs during the war, with many more employed as volunteers or secretaries and yeomen for the Army, Navy, and Marines (James and Wells, 66). Women retained few of those 1.5 million jobs after men returned from war, but the United States’ industrialized postwar economy soon provided enough work for men and women alike. Once confined to nursing, social work, teaching, or secretarial jobs, women began to find employment in new fields. According to Allen, â€Å"They ... ...r and a dutiful mother. Furthermore, large groups of American women were, by the basis of race or class, automatically excluded from the â€Å"new womanhood.† Despite significant advances, the decade of the 1920s ended much as it had began—American women, considered second-rate citizens, struggled to define femininity on their own terms. Works Cited Allen, Frederick Lewis. Only Yesterday: An Informal History of the Nineteen- Twenties. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1931. D’Emilio, John and Estelle B. Freedman. Intimate Matters: A History of Sexuality in America. 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997. Goodman, James. Stories of Scottsboro. New York: Vintage Books, 1994. James, D. Clayton and Anne Sharp Wells. America and the Great War, 1914- 1920. Wheeling, Ill.: Harlan Davidson, Inc., 1998. H427 website: http://bss.sfsu.edu/tygiel/Hist427

Normalcy

Normalcy in other words means to me to have everything up and running as required. To be stable with no corruption. Normalcy is something both Warren Gamaliel Harding along with Calvin Coolidge wish to restore in the U. S. Sadly Harding does nothing suitable to return normalcy but only to continue adding to the corruption already occurring. Coolidge on the other hand takes control after the death of Harding in 1923 and accomplished much more than Harding might have ever did. During the presidential time of Coolidge the Kellogg-Briand act was put to be followed. Lets discover what made these two men so different from one another! Warren Gamaliel Harding happened to be the 29th president of the United States. He served from 1921 till his death in 1923 due to a heart attack. Truth be told he was considered to be the worst president of all time. In the election of 1920 U. S presidential candidate Warren promised to return the country back to the way it was before WW1 occurred. For example as a quote stated by Harding himself â€Å"America’s need is not heroics but healing†¦we need to return to normalcy. Harding was known for the Teapot Dome scandal which took place in Wyoming. As oil reserves that were in the custody of Harding were being improperly used by being leased to private oil companies by the secret interior Albert Fall, Albert himself accepted cash gifts and no-interest loans from the companies. As we can see in Harding’s attempt to re-create peace he failed epically. This caused Harding’s administration to be remembered as the most corrupt in the white house. John Calvin Coolidge, jr was the vice president at the time when Harding was president. After the death of Harding, Coolidge took his place into becoming president. Coolidge slowly departed himself from the Harding administration and also removed all officials suspected of corruption. Coolidge decided to continue Harding’s policies while trying to eliminate scandals. Coolidge did promise to return normalcy to the United States, something Harding was unsuccessful at doing. In 1928, the Kellogg-Briand Pact was created between fifteen countries stating war will now be illegal. In my opion I believe Harding had no idea of what he was doing. He allegededly hired his old poker friends known as the Ohio Gang to work along side him. Some members from the Ohio gang used their government positions to take advantage of the money for personal use. I believe Coolidge kept his word at all times returning the U. S back to normalcy. Once Coolidge made all the necessary changes required the U. S was back to the way it was before WW1 occurred. In my belief Coolidge is a man of his word and is trustworthy.

Gender Biased Culture

History of ancient world have shown that gender biased cultures have been in existence for more than thousand of years. The movie Mulan is a perfect example for a gender biased culture by giving the power to the men and withholding it from women. As I grew up in a gender biased cultures like India and Middle East, I can relate this movie with the gender issues in my generation. For many years, woman in these cultures must be fully covered from head to toe when in public, are not allowed to work, and are not allowed to drive.Mulan Fa, the main character in the movie, comes to her elderly fathers defense and refuses to let him go and fight in the Emperor's army. She takes matters into her own hands and cuts her hair and puts on her fathers armor to become a man and take his place in the battle. When my father was immigrated to United States America, I and my mother have to stay in India until I finish my high school. In the movie, Mulan is an only child and her father has a physical di sability, so Mulan and her mother ended up having to take on traditionally male roles in the house for their family to get by.When I was little, I helped my mother with chores outside my home such as running to stores to buy groceries, pay bills, etc. In my culture, when a girl hits puberty, she is not allowed to go outside of home by herself or without covering from head to toe with hijab. So when I hit puberty I was stopped by my grandparents from going out of my house except for school. After I moved to United States, I started to work part time as I go to school. So, I was the first woman in my family to go to work and drive.In the movie, Mulan feels that she should be able to do all the things males do and do them with pride and dignity. Likewise, it was hard for me as I grew up as a tomboy. If a female follows a male's style of life are seen as tomboys and are outlawed in my society. Even my mother did not like to keep me in house but she was afraid of the society we have live d in. So, my parents have decided to move to United States as I can have a life with freedom especially from gender biased culture.Like in the movie Mulan, in my culture, men traditionally have the rigorous and more physically demanding chores around the house as in; taking out the trash, mowing lawns, and working to provide for the family Whereas women traditionally have less physically demanding tasks such as having dinner ready and on the table when the husband comes home, they are supposed to clean the house and take care of kids and strictly forbidden from working. This movie came when I was 12 but I saw this movie when I was 18. I liked that movie so much and I thought I was like Mulan. I think this gender biased culture is unhealthy for both gender.It is unfair for men as they must choose their true selves and it is unfair for women and girls as they cannot develop their own talent if its too masculine. The story of this movie Mulan seems to be known and told for more than th ousands of years. The chinese in the ancient world wore the dress called Hanfu (â€Å"kwintessential†). When Mulan and the other girls go to see the matchmaker they are all wearing Hanfu. When every family is told that it must send a man to fight in the war her father prepares to go but Mulan decides to go in his stead In order to do this she has to cut her hair short and dress as a man.The movie supports the Mulan story where women must cross-dress to achieve the same accomplishments as men. The movie Mulan summarizes all of the cultures beliefs and thoughts on gender myths and determination. Even now, in some asian countries like in India, China, killing female babies and fetus is still happening. It is because of belief in many cultures that a male can support a family but not female. In many cultures since the beginning of time have had the same attitude towards gender and sex; they are in favor of the masculine male.

The Berlin crisis

This essay will argue that the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) reached an agreement over Laos but not in Berlin because Berlin was politically important for both the US and the USSR. If ever the USSR gains Berlin, the integration of the entire Eastern Europe into the Soviet bloc will finally be accomplished. Should the US acquire Berlin, the former will have a strategic stronghold from which it can attack the USSR.In sharp contrast, the absence of an agreement over Laos will plunge both the US and the USSR into very costly wars. Nikita Khrushchev is famous for being a bold reformer who ended the brutal legacy of Stalinism and rejected the Soviet foreign policy of waging a world war with the West. His diplomacy likewise destroyed the Stalinist doctrine of isolationism that controlled the Soviet Union for decades.But Khrushchev’s reckless brinkmanship and ultimatums interspersed these positive developments, resulting in the Berlin Crisis (1958-19 62). Some political experts believe that the Berlin Crisis drove the world to the brink of a nuclear war. Prior to the Berlin Crisis, Khrushchev was a dictator whose major decisions were unchallenged, particularly those related to Soviet foreign policy. Under his regime, Soviet foreign policy focused on countries and issues that affected important Soviet interests and his political expediency.â€Å"Priorities† included finalizing a German peace settlement, achieving a detente with the US, preserving and strengthening ties with the People’s Republic of China and supporting Communist movements throughout the world. Despite Khrushchev’s reformist stance, he was still determined to win the Cold War by spreading Communism across the globe. Shortly after the failed Bay of Pigs invasion in April 1961, Khrushchev and US President John Fitzgerald Kennedy (JFK) met at the Vienna Summit, which lasted from June 3 to June 4, 1961.The summit turned out to be a very tense affa ir. Khrushchev initially resisted JFK’s attempts to discuss Laos, saying that he was fully aware of US military intervention in the said country. But Khrushchev was in a more conciliatory mood when JFK again brought up the subject of Laos the following day. The former â€Å"agreed to work in good faith for the Geneva goals. † Khrushchev also claimed that â€Å"interested parties should be locked in a room and told to find a solution. † The agreement on Laos apparently was the sole conclusive outcome of the Vienna Summit.

Introduction to Interview and Interrogation Essay

This paper that I am about to write is a case study on a juvenile confession. When I read this story it really bothered me that young people confess when they get in front of high authority people even if they didn’t do anything. Are these so called lawyers, attorneys and prosecutors, scaring these young people so much that they tell them things to make them confess? Well after reading this story, I have realized that this has happened more than once, and is becoming to be a pattern with some of these big shot people that are supposed to take the law seriously and help those in need, not make the ones in need of help scared half to death to ask us for it. On November 7, 1994, in the neighborhood of Englewood, on the south side of Chicago, a worker was outside cleaning up behind a liquor store and when he went to the dumpster to put the garbage in, he found the body of an African American woman who was badly beaten. When the woman was identified, the found out that she was a prostitute and her name was Nina Glover. At the scene of the crime, the policed interviewed a male who was a resident of the neighborhood, his name was Johnny Douglas. He denied that he knew the victim so the police let him go. Now four months after finding this woman in the dumpster, the police had no leads but someone called them and gave them a tip, so they acted on it. They arrested four African American teenagers, (Vincent Thames, Terrill Swift, Harold Richardson and Michael Saunders) for questioning and according to Detective James Cassidy, after interviewing the four, he said that all of them voluntarily confessed to the murder, saying that they all four took turns raping Nina Glover before they actually murdered her. Now DNA testing excluded these four teenagers as the source of semen that was recovered from Glover’s body, and all four boys claimed that the confessions that they had given had been coerced. See more: how to start an essay Even with that said the boys were sentenced based on the signed statements with such detail that they had given about their involvement. In return the jury convicted them each a prison term that ranged up to 30 to 40 years each. The media and the world had given these four teenagers, a group name that would seem to last and latch on to them forever, the Englewood Four. In the year of 2010, two of the boys had requested advanced â€Å"STR† which DNA is testing that comes along with a database search of the genetic profiles f criminals. The test were opposed by the Cook County prosecutors because contending whatever was done, the trial court judgments were said to be final. Finally, a judge heard about what was being asked, and he ordered it to be done and when he did, the results came back in May and the results were stunning. The DNA matched a person that the cops had interviewed right at the crime scene when it happened, none other than Johnny Douglas. So, with that said and done, the four teenagers had to be ruled out and exonerated. As the four young men now, families waited for them to come home, they were ready to give them a big welcome or so it seemed until the State’s Attorney Anita Alvarez announced that she would vigorously fight their release that they had just been granted. Now Johnny Douglas was a man with a long history of preying on prostitutes. He also had a rap sheet that was really impressive: he had 38 convictions, including murder and sexual assault. In the year 2008, someone shot him to death. There were a lot of questions after the exoneration of the four boys and some of those questions were seriously to be thought about? For instance: How did these four confess to crimes that they did not commit? Why did the DNA testing take so long? Why has the state’s attorney of Cook County Anita Alveraz, persistently fought justice for the four? Last but not least, how could the teenagers have provided so many details about the crime if they didn’t commit it? Meanwhile, while all these questions surfaced, Alveraz had her own theory as to what happened at the scene of the crime. She tells us that she thinks that â€Å"Douglas had sex, unprotected with Glover, left her, without harm and later on she was raped and murdered by the Englewood four. Alveraz also said that â€Å"Douglas didn’t kill every other prostitute that he had ever been with, and that DNA evidence in and of itself isn’t always the â€Å"silver bullet† that it’s sometimes perceived to be! † Where does this detective Cassidy fit into this? Well as I kept on reading this story, I realized that he was t he detective that actually was the one questioning the four boys and what he said, was the reason they were convicted because he said they confessed to him. Well, turns out that old detective Cassidy also had a rap sheet of his own. In 1994, the year before this case, the detective had taken a confession from and 11 year old African American boy who was supposed to murder an elderly white woman on the southwest side of Chicago. A federal judge listened to the confession and concluded that his statement had been coerced and the conviction was tossed out the door and the judge ordered the child’s record to be immediately expunged. Again in 1998, detective Cassidy was back, now this time he had another high profile confession with 2 African American boys ages 7 and 8. They admitted killing and 11 year old Ryan Harris and dumping her body out in a backyard. All of this is what Cassidy claims that they said. These two confessions created a national furor over pre-adolescent crime until the authorities found semen in the little girl’s panties. They automatically dropped the charges and they did later on secure a confession from an adult male about this case. Now after all of this Cassidy is no longer able to be active on the force. They had him reassigned to the Medical Examiner’s Office, and now his job is to obtain confessions from the recently departed. Now in my opinion, I would have told him to pack his stuff and go as far away from Cook County as possible and he is to never be able to practice law enforcement again. This story also hits home for me as well, my husband was involved in the wrong group of people, and he also lives in Cook County. He was involved in gang life and all of that, something happened (I’m not going to go into all the details) but to make a long story short, he also had to plead guilty to something that he did not do and he did the time for it. The point here is, these boys were false accused and they were scared into a confession that they didn’t do but landed them into prison. So I have found out that 76 wrongful convictions in Cook County since the advent of DNA testing, 25 were based ion suspects admitting to crimes they didn’t commit, according to the Center on Wrongful Convictions at Northwestern University. So now the Englewood Four, as they’ve been dubbed, await a decision by the prosecutors whether they will be re-tried or not. These Four men were cleared by DNA evidence that linked the state and the system to a career criminal in this particular crime.

Evidence Based Practice and Applied Nursing Research Phase 3IP Paper

Evidence Based Practice and Applied Nursing Phase 3IP - Research Paper Example Scand J Urol , 12 (1), 34-38. Retrieved flrom: http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/21681805.2013.834512 Mufti, U. B. & Dasgupta, R. (2013). Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections. Urinary Tract Infection , 13 (3), 53-57. Retrieved from: http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4471-4709-1_6#page-1 Tenke, P.; KÃ ¶ves B. & Johansen T. (2013). An update on prevention and treatment of catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Curr Opin Infect Dis , 21 (7), 102-107. Retrieved from: http://journals.lww.com/co-infectiousdiseases/Abstract/2014/02000/An_update_on_prevention_and_treatment_of.16.aspx Weber, D. J., Sickbert-Bennett, E. E., Gould, C. V., Brown, V. M., Huslage, K., & Rutala, W. A. (2011). Incidence of Catheter-Associated and Non-Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections in a Healthcare System. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology , 32 (8), 107-116. Retrieved from:

LEVERAGING BUSINESS THROUGH CULTURAL COMPETENCY AND DIVERSITY IN THE Essay

LEVERAGING BUSINESS THROUGH CULTURAL COMPETENCY AND DIVERSITY IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY - Essay Example This likewise has a leveraging repercussion in trade and commerce. Statement of the purpose. One of the objectives of this dissertation is to show how cultural capabilities and idiosyncrasies neutralize growth and opportunities in business. For instance, because of acute recession in the United States of America and in order to save big on wages and other payroll costs, American companies outsource jobs to countries like India and those in Asia where salaries are significantly lower. Such is the case in call centres where telemarketing and other allied on-line services are rendered. It is admitted that oral English communications skills are the only required credentials for call specialists. In this field, other cultures can compete with their counterparts in the larger economies thus leveraging business in the global scene. The levelling of business particularly comes from taxes on the earnings of the employees which go to the host country rather than the territory which is outsourcing the services. The same is true with the circulation of money g enerated by the outsourced business. Another example where cultural competency sets in is in the car industry. While the world economy hits low levels, people in third world countries tend more to settle for reconditioned used cars rather than buy brand new ones from companies controlled by corporations with main offices based in affluent nations. Circumstances like this become balancing factors in international business and commerce. In short, owning a second-hand automobile is a readily acceptable cultural notion in poor countries while it may not be so much in highly developed nations. On the other side, there are products made by people from impoverished territories which fascinate rich Western nationals and this kind of exchange likewise levels the trade playing field. Such products include furniture made of rare wood or indigenous materials and tiny handicrafts being worn as beauty accessories. These are among the factors to consider in presenting a study on how cultural compe tency leverage business. In the case of diversity in the global economy, the research will inquire into non-traditional resources and approaches. One good illustration is the source of fuel or energy which has always been mineral fossil oil or petroleum. This circumstance has a very

Business Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Analysis - Essay Example Cultural norms influence consumer buying behavior. For instance Chinese culture does not associate kitchen utensil with status symbol. Dishwashers in this country are often viewed as a problem creator, encompassing high costs. Hence the business strategy for this product needs to be inclined towards establishing a strong market position (Pringle, 2008). There is desirable percentage of individuals who belong to middle income group in China. Market penetration strategy shall be most suitable for this particular business idea. Low cost products with superior quality are expected to acquire wider base of customers. Segmentation, targeting and positioning are essential components when it comes to trading in foreign markets. Dishwashers are not a necessity in China. Segmentation for this product will be based on demographic factors such as gender and income group. The main target market for the product would be females, specifically housewives. They might understand the need for this product in terms of making their tasks simpler. Middle income group shall be targeted since product price would be low in initial stages of product launch. Positioning statement of the product will be – ‘an affordable cleaning power at doorstep’. This form of positioning clearly reveals that a product which is not a necessity can still prove to be beneficial for living beings (Wintzer, 2007). Market positioning of dishwashers will be aligned with the concept of low cost and high quality. Global marketing strategy is highly dependent on characteristics of customers. It can be stated that marketing mix elements revolves around customer’s needs in context of foreign market. The four P’s of marketing mix such as product, price, place and promotion shall outline marketing strategy of dishwashers in Chinese market. Product is an innovative mechanical device which cleans dishes or utensils in least time possible. Branded dishwashers are sold at 2174 Yuan or $350 via

Discussion Question Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Discussion Question - Assignment Example Interpersonal relationships are very important to Filipinos. During the initial business meeting, one will most likely not meet the decision maker. Several visits need to be done before one meets the decision maker. Furthermore, negotiations with Filipino companies take more time because group consensus if often needed. â€Å"The pace of doing business in the Philippines is casual and leisurely† (Henderson, 1999). Because of the paternalistic and hierarchical management, decisions usually take time. Social relationships play a major role in the decision-making process. One must take note that Filipinos do not like confrontations. They find it hard to say â€Å"no† because they want to remain courteous (Communicaid Group Ltd., 2009). Moreover, saying â€Å"yes† may not really mean yes, rather, it may mean â€Å"perhaps† or â€Å"maybe† or even â€Å"no†. In negotiating with Filipino companies, it is important to be knowledgeable of the Filipino culture and traditions. The style of management is usually paternalistic; therefore, one must be able to adapt to this style to effectively do business in the Philippines (Henderson, 1999). Communicaid Group Ltd. (2009). Doing business in the Philippines / Philippine social and business culture. Retrieved May 25, 2012, from communicaid.com: http://www.communicaid.com/access/pdf/library/culture/doing-business-in/Doing%20Business%20in%20the%20Philippines.pdf kwintessential.co.uk. (n.d.). Philippines - language, culture, customs and etiquette. Retrieved May 25, 2012, from kwintessential.co.uk:

Using Relationship Marketing to Improve Customer Relations Dissertation

Using Relationship Marketing to Improve Customer Relations - Dissertation Example The current dissertation aims to investigate the customer relationship marketing strategies of Marks and Spencer following its rebranding efforts. The main objective of the research is to allow a comprehension of the changes that had occurred among customers’ attitudes towards the brand. Both primary and secondary research data shall be used in accomplishing the following objectives of the dissertation: Determine and investigate the target audience being catered to by Marks and Spencer; Discuss the competitive environment in which M & S plays in; Assess the competitive edge of the company as a global brand through a customer relationship survey. The researcher concluds that Marks & Spencer should leverage more on its customer relationship marketing strategies, particularly convenience, being a strong global bran, and competitive cost. Moreover, in drafting its next branding strategic plan, it should aptly consider the following factors which are deemed improvement areas (lowes t scoring items): ambience of the store and personalised service. On the other hand, it may leverage more on its highest scoring items, namely, promotional offers, being a strong global brand, competitive cost and convenience. The results propose that customers have a very obvious recognition of the overall brand image of Marks & Spencer as a clothing company. More specifically, the company was perceived to have a clearly focused position within the UK retail clothing market and to be successful in communicating their brand to customers.

Persian and Mughal Miniatures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Persian and Mughal Miniatures - Essay Example As the essay declares the paintings were usually used in books. These are small in size. These paintings evolve from the practice of evaluating initial letter of the chapter with red paint. The materials usually used in these were perishable materials such as paper, cloth, parchment etc. This paper discusses that the are known for their realistic looks and intricate details. The picture planes are densely filled, high horizon line and there was a huge emphasis on the various patterns. Persian artist used bright colors prominently for their miniatures. Emphasis was on the Proper utilization of painting surface. Miniature artist start this painting with some theme in their mind. The artwork depicts the themes i.e. battles, court scenes and legendary stories. The two first and famous Persian artists Mir-Sayyid Ali and Abd-us-samad came to India along with Mugal Emperor Humanyun. The earliest work that comes under the category of Mughal painting is "The princess of the house of Timur". Pigments and materials used in the paintings. Wide uses of paper for the miniatures are found. After Humayun the Art and culture flourished in the regime of Akbar, Jahangir, and Shah Jahan. During Akbar’s period the miniatures were evolved into realistic and secular form from the un realistic and religious form. Akbar was very fond of these miniatures. He got it done for stories, legends, potrais etc.

Marketing 100 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing 100 - Research Paper Example Sanitarium claims that its Weet-Bix wheat biscuits are an ideal breakfast food because it fulfills calorie needs and energy requirements. Indeed, the major ingredients include fibre, fat and sugar (low), vitamins, milk, zinc, magnesium, folate and iron (Product Review, 2010). The Sanitarium Company offers its products at all retail stores, grocery shops and online stores for convenience of buyers across Australia and New Zealand. The company uses competitive pricing strategy because of highly competitive nature of food and confectionary industry. The prices range from $1 – 10 because of differences in flavours, sizing and quantity. In simple words, the prices will remain competitive because there is greater threat of substitute products from existing companies such as Kelloggs, Uncle Toys, House brands, Nestle and other small scale producers and marketers. It is worthwhile to mention that Kelloggs has been marketing Nutri-grain, Cheerios, Coco Pops and Nesquik in Australian market. In conclusion, there is stiff competition that keeps prices affordable for consumers from different social classes (Demo Design Report, 2006). The Sanitarium Company has already expanded its operations all across Australia because of an efficient distribution and supply chain network. The company supplies its product to all retail and commercial stores, grocery houses, medicine shops and online stores. In this way, Sanitarium has increased market reach of Weet-Bix product and has attracted maximum customers towards its brand. In addition, the company focuses on efficient supply because the Utility of Place and Time play a vital role in success of any food product. Sanitarium has inducted a new eCargo system to ensure flexibility in distribution channels, to reduce human error and to facilitate record keeping, freight and inventory management (Ecargo Report, 2010). The company

Total Quality Management Definition Essay Example for Free

Total Quality Management Definition Essay Total Quality Management is a set of management practices aimed at meeting and even exceeding needs of customers and organizational objectives. The Japanese Industry started it in the 1950’s but it gained popularity from the early 80’s. TQM seeks to merge organizational functions like production, customer service, design and marketing, and has a strong emphasis on process measurement and controls as a way of continually improving the products or services offered by the organization. TQM describes the culture, attitude and organization of a company in the provision of products and services to satisfy needs of customers. Quality is required with efficiency and effectiveness in operations and reducing losses, minimizing defects and waste. Impact of globalization   As companies get bigger, there is an increasing demand for JIT (just-in-time) management, which TQM embraces. This makes things move faster, further pushing along globalization. This also calls for the removal of bottlenecks in production resulting in high quality. Globalization calls for things to be faster, better (because if youre not good, youre not utilizing your competitiveness), and hence comes TQM philosophy, which embraces that. However, globalization has brought about a demand for high skilled labour, which cannot be found with workers with low-level education, who are the majority. Their employment leads to low quality of work. Similar to that are organizations, which want to cut costs on wages and therefore employ workers with a poor educational background. Competitiveness is characterized by high labor costs; therefore, low labor costs are characterized by lower productivity. Women on the other hand, are unfortunately still engaging in low-wage and low-productivity jobs, especially in the Middle East, North Africa and South Asia where womens participation in the global labour market is behind. Application of TQM Both the management and the employees can and should be involved in the process of TQM to improve the production of goods and services. TQM should be driven by a purpose and there should be a clear focus on the future vision of the organization. TQM can also be used as a way of encouraging the potential and creativity of an employee to be displayed as well as improving clients service. TQM calls for organizations to strive to continuously improve its processes through accumulated knowledge of workers and their experience. TQM is easily adaptable, for instance, it was at first an application of manufacturing operations but is now even applied to the service sector. According to Khurram Hashmi (2000), TQM is the foundation for activities, which include: Commitment by senior management and all employees Meeting customer requirements Reducing development cycle times Just In Time/Demand Flow Manufacturing Improvement teams Reducing product and service costs Systems to facilitate improvement Line Management ownership Employee involvement and empowerment Recognition and celebration Challenging quantified goals and benchmarking Focus on processes / improvement plans Specific incorporation in strategic planning This shows that all personnel, in Manufacturing, Marketing, Engineering, Research and Development, Sales, Purchasing, Human Resource, etc, must practice TQM in all activities. TQM is based on continuous improvement, both in strategic planning and in the execution of work. It seeks to avoid mistakes and defects and continually improve results through increasing the organizations resources. The major areas including supply generation, demand generation, technology, operations and people capability. It also maintains that mistakes can be identified and stopped and repetition prevented through change. Implementation of TQM A preliminary test, like a management audit should be done to asses the current state in terms of organizational functioning and establishing where change is needed. There should however be a positive attitude towards change or TQM would be ineffective. Other conditions are stable finances, good administrative systems and managerial skills and optimistic employee morale If these conditions cannot be met, it is advisable to postpone the implementation until when the organization is healthy enough with regard to these. Certain levels of stress, with regard to people feeling a need for change are however needed when implementing TQM. Kanter (1983) described certain building blocks, which should be present in effective organizational change. They include departures from tradition, a crisis or galvanizing event, strategic decisions, individual prime movers, and action vehicles. Departures from tradition are moving from normal operations in an attempt to solve a problem. A crisis, like reduction in finances, may prompt people to act. A strategic decision like a plan acting on the crisis may be implemented by a leader, who becomes the prime mover. The leader takes charge of the new idea or plan and leads people in its implementation. Action vehicles then used and mechanisms put in place to enabling the occurrence of the change.          References International Labour Organization Report (Dec 9, 2005) Globalization failing to create new, quality jobs to reduce Poverty. Retrieved from http://www.globalpolicy.org/globaliz/econ/2005/1209reduce.htm on October 3, 2007 Hashmi, K. (2000) Paper on â€Å"Introduction and Implementation of Total Quality Management† Retrieved from http://www.isixsigma.com/library/content/c031008a.asp on October 3, 2007 Martin, L. (1993). Total Quality Management in the Public Sector, National Productivity Review

Construction of a Membership Table Essay Example for Free

Construction of a Membership Table Essay The current system that Project use is a manual system and it has proved inefficient, and very easy to lose. Therefore, I propose a computerised database system. Package V Programming Solution For ease, and speed of use, I propose to use the package option. I choose this because the options for everything the database needs are already there, and rather than waste time trying to find a way to make these options in my own programming solution, I will save much time and effort using the package MS ACCESS 97. Also, my programming skills are next to nothing. The Package: Advantages: * Easier to learn as very little programming is involved * The tools for creating the user interface are already available, built into the program which makes construction of the database far quicker. Disadvantages * Depending on the package, this option could be far more difficult, due to problems such as a lack of flexibility, lack of options etc. The self-programmed solution Advantages: * Program will be specific all options can be created so that it will do exactly what it needs to do. Disadvantages: * Will take longer to program * I cant program Data Requirements The data I will require falls into two different categories: member and supplier. The data required will vary depending on which category it falls into. Member Supplier Name of member (e.g. Joe Bloggs) Date of members birth in format of DD/MM/YY (e.g. 24/07/84) Date of registration of membership in format of DD/MM/YY (e.g. 12/06/01) Members full address Members telephone number Name of supplier (e.g. Flip) Name of product sold (e.g. Tom Penny New Wave) Type of product sold (e.g. Deck) Price of product (e.g. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½50) The members data will be collected by entering all the information from a membership form. The data will not be entered into the database until all the fields on the form are complete. An example of the membership form will be shown later in this section. The suppliers data will have to be entered from the current lists. It will be difficult to enter this data if the current list has been lost. The current procedure if this happens is to re-make a list of suppliers names from their current stock, and re-make the complete list by contacting the respective suppliers. By going through the stock, most of the data of the items supplied will be found. However, in some cases, contact will be necessary. Validation of Data: Members The data entered may be wrong when being entered. Verification and validation will help to get round this problem. Project operates a system in their skateparks, where anyone under 17 MUST wear a helmet for protection. This is down to insurance reasons. Helmets, however, are not the most fashionable piece of clothing you could ever wear, and many members try to find a way out of getting out of wearing them. Therefore, careful attention must be paid when taking down members details to make sure that the data is checked against any valid form of identification I.D. number: This is automatically created by the database as a key field. This has a default value of 000, but will increase in value for each new member. Name: This can be checked against any forms of identification, e.g. bus passes, library cards, national insurance cards (if applicable) Date of birth: There is an obvious mistake if someone gives a birth date making them out to be 102. However, minor mistakes, such as a year or two out, can be checked against the DOBs on bus passes, national insurance cards etc. The format will also have to be correct, as it is being entered in the format DD/MM/YY. The date field will be set to take only the U.K. format, which is the same as above, whereas the American format is MM/DD/YY. Date of registration: the staff will fill this in as the data is entered. The same validation checks as above will be entered. Members full address: The staff can check this in the same way as the name, age etc. They should ask for any forms of identification which contain all this information. Members telephone number: Validation for this will be rather difficult, as there are very few, if any, forms of identification that give out a telephone number for legal reasons. Therefore, the number should be phoned as soon as possible to verify that the phone number is correct. Suppliers Suppliers are not going to give out false information to a company/shop, not if they want to stay in business. This means that Project will not have to worry about finding out if information is true, but making sure it is entered correctly. I.D. number: This is entered in the same way as the i.d. field for the members database. Name of supplier: As mentioned above, the only problem is making sure that this goes in properly e.g. Shorttys instead of Shortys. Address of supplier: This is an absolute must to be entered correctly. Whereas in the name, if a mistake was made, it would still be easy to tell what the name was. However, in the address, a mistake in the number or street could go unnoticed, therefore delivering orders, mail etc to the wrong address. Phone number of supplier: This, again, must be entered correctly for the reasons listed above. Project could find themselves desperately short of stock if they could not contact the suppliers to place orders. Name of product supplied: Not only does Project have a large list of suppliers, each supplier also has a list of products supplied to Project. This means that there is a lot of data to do with stock needing to be entered correctly. Again, the only way to do this is visually making sure there is no mistake when entering in the data. Item number: Every product has a different item number. This insures the uniqueness of each product, so that the stock system knows exactly what product is sold. Type of product: Project doesnt just sell skateboards. They sell shoes, clothes, accessories, hardware, safety gear and more. Rather than have to check in the storeroom what a product is, the database can simply tell them. This must have the type entered correctly. The only chance of a typo occurring in this is if I make a mistake during the implementation. The data in this field is selected from a drop-down list. Price of product: If the price is wrong, customers will be over/under charged. This will not be good for Project. If they undercharge, they lose money. If they overcharge, they lose customers. Therefore it is greatly important that the price is entered correctly.

The Goals And Ideals Of Les Six Film Studies Essay

The Goals And Ideals Of Les Six Film Studies Essay Les Six is a name given in 1920 by critic Henri Collet to a group of six composers working in Montparnasse whose music is often seen as a reaction against the musical style of Richard Wagner and impressionist music. (Owen 2011.) The works of Arthur Honegger, Darius Milhaud and Francis Poulenc all play an important part in French music and the 20th century. Research question What were the goals and ideals of Les Six? Consider the works of Honegger, Milhaud and Poulenc. 2. LES SIX Members A younger group of composers absorbed the strong influence of neoclassicism but sought to escape the old political dichotomies. (Grout 2009: 880.) Les Six was a group of young avant-garde French composers. Initially Les Nouveaux Jeunes, the name was changed along with the line-up to crystallize as Les Six in 1923. With Jean Cocteau as the spokesman and Satie as the guru, the group was formed and the name was given by French critic Henri Collet. With this identifying label, the individual composers gained public attention as a group in force. (Owen 2011.) Despite the elements the six composers had in common, their differences were far greater. In the 1920s each of them was pursuing solo careers (Latham 2002: 10). Best remembered today, are Darius Milhaud, Francis Poulenc and Arthur Honegger. Few pieces by Louis Durey and Georges Auric are performed. Germaine Tailleferre was probably still best remembered because she was the only woman of the group. (Kelly 2003: 51.) The group was officially launched in January 1920 by a series of two articles by the French music critic and composer Henri Collet in the French journal Commedia. While it seems apparent that Cocteau was behind these articles, the actual name of the Group was selected by Collet who decided to compare Les Six with the Five Russians. (Kelly 2003: 4.) The members of Les Six were: Georges Auric (1899 1983) Louis Durey (1888 1979) Arthur Honegger (1892 1955) Darius Milhaud (1892 1974) Francis Poulenc (1899 1963) Germaine Tailleferre (1892 1983) Although Honegger was a member of Les nouveaux jeunes and, subsequently of Les Six, he shared with the other members a stimulating companionship rather than a group aesthetic, the existence of which he always denied. (Sadie 2001: 680.) Darius Milhaud was a pioneer in the use of percussion, polytonality, jazz and aleatory techniques. Few of his works of the 1920s are in the spirit of Les Six, however one might seek to define it. Le boeuf ser le toit had nothing to do with Les Six until it was hijacked and turned into a ballet by Cocteau. (Sadie 2001: 679.) Ironically, in the only work to which all members of the group contributed, the Album des six, Milhaud is represented by a Mazurka he wrote in 1914. More important to his music of the 1920s was the confirmation of opera as a major and continuing thread. (Kelly 2003: 89.) During the first half of Francis Poulencs career the simplicity and directness of his writing led many critics away from thinking of him as a serious composer. Gradually, since World War II, it has become clear that the absence from his music of linguistic complexity in no way argues corresponding absence of feeling or technique. (Sadie 2001:227.) Georges Auric was a child prodigy and at age 15 he had his first compositions published. Before he turned 20, he had orchestrated and written incidental music for several ballets and stage productions. (Owen 2011.) His participation in Les Six led to writing settings of poetry and other texts as songs and musicals. Louis Durey was primarily self-taught. From the beginning, choral music was of great importance in Dureys productivity. After the Les Six period, Durey continued with his career. (Owen 2011.) Germaine Tailleferre was the only female member in the group Les Six. She studied piano with her mother at home, composing short works of her own. (Owen 2011.) Music by Les Six The only musical project in which all six composers participated in was Lalbum des six (published in 1920) and it is a solo piano music collection, which were all dances. Prà ©lude (1919) by Auric Romance sans paroles, Op. 21 (1917) by Durey Sarabande, H 26 (1920) by Honegger Mazurka (1914) by Milhaud Valse en ut, FP 17 (1919) by Poulenc Pastorale (1919) by Tailleferre Les six has a lot of compositions under their names but none of them included all six composers, except for Lalbum des six. Each of these individual composers has contributed to the group Les Six in their own unique styles and ways. Their styles are most certainly equally different and with such diverse styles they were able to come as one and compose many pieces while they were still known as Les Six. The goals and ideals of Les Six was to create an individual style of its own, because of the great differences in style and techniques each of them had, but in the end, they were all able to work as one to create Lalbum des six which has gained wide popularity. 3. WORKS OF HONEGGER, MILHAUD AND POULENC Arthur Honegger Arthur Honegger (1892 1955) was a Swiss composer, who was born in Le Havre, France. His serious-minded musical aesthetic was entirely different from that of others in Les six. He developed unusual musical and dramatic forms in large-scale works for voices and orchestra, and was one of the 20th centurys most dedicated contrapuntalists. (Sadie 2001: 679.) It is very clear that Honeggers compositions are tonal but characterized by a highly individual use of dissonance, if you listen to his compositions very carefully you will be able to hear the dissonances that occur. His music was first heard publicly in Paris in July 1916 (Sadie 2001: 680). The series of large-scale dramatic works and major symphonic scores he composed during the following 30 years established him as one of the most significant composers of his generation. His symphonic movement Pacific 231 (1923), a translation into music of the visual and physical impression of a speeding locomotive, was hailed as a sensational piece of modernist descriptive music. (Grout 2009: 881.) It was said that his symphonic movement Pacific 231 was misinterpreted by the public as specifying programmes, rather than sources of musical inspiration (Spratt 1987:69). This movement is a great example of the goals and ideals of Les Six, they all had a very different approach to music but all their ideas combined became a great masterpiece of its own individual style. Darius Milhaud Darius Milhaud (1892 1974) was a French composer, who was born in Marseilles. He was associated with the avant garde of the 1920s, whose abundant production reflects all musical genres. Though his sources of inspiration were many and varied, his music has compelling stylistic unity. (Sadie 2001: 675.) There is scarcely a genre not represented in Milhauds output. From grand opera to childrens piano pieces, everything seems to be there in extraordinary profusion. He found his musical voice very early on, and there was neither anguish in creation, nor any problem of language or expression, let alone of technique. (Sadie 2001: 677.) It was also apparently said that he could compose anywhere and at anytime, he was not bothered by the disturbance around him. The decade of the 1920s ended with Christophe Colomb and Maximilien, the former and justly celebrated work, the latter one of Milhauds mot riotously noisy scores. (Collaer 1988: 176.) The works of the 1930s are characterized by a greater tendency towards through-composition, in comparison with the clearcut sectional divisions of the earlier works. The opera Mà ©dà ©e is perhaps his finest work of this period: a fascinating study of a woman scorned, graphically portrayed in some of the composers most angular, expressionist music. (Sadie 2001: 679.) Then in the course of the 1950s emerged what might be called his final style. This development can be seen by comparing the operas David and Fiesta, though it comes out especially in the chamber music which, in his late years, he produced abundantly. (Kelly 2003:56.) Despite the impression his music usually gives, he had at times, and especially during the early years, a distinctly theoretical turn of mind, a feature that sets him quite apart from his contemporaries (Sadie 2001:678). Francis Poulenc Francis Poulenc (1899 1963) was a French composer and pianist, who was born in Paris. Poulenc regarded this dual heredity as the key to his musical personality: he associated his deep Catholic faith with his Aveyronais roots and attributed his artistic heritage to his mothers family. It is certainly the case that two strands, profane and religious, co-exist in his work. (Sadie 2001:227.) Poulenc destroyed his first attempts at composition, dating from 1914. He made his public dà ©but in Paris in 1917 with his first work, Rapsodie nà ¨gre, dedicated to Satie and performed at the Thà ©Ãƒ ¢tre du Vieux Colombier at one of the avant-garde concerts orgnaized by Jane Bathori. (Mellers 1993: 37.) Poulenc learnt a clear but colourful style of piano playing, based on a subtle use of sustaining pedal, and in his own piano music he was insistent on there being beaucoup de pà ©dale. (Sadie 2001: 228.) In his earlier pieces such a style gives body to the often arrogantly popular tunes that abound, softening the ostinatos in the Sonata for piano duet (1918) and the quasi-Alberti bass in Trois mouvements perpà ©tuels (1918). (Sadie 2001: 228.) Poulenc admitted that his reliance on past formulae (long pedal notes, arpeggios, repeated chords) was not always free of routine and that in this regard his familiarity with the piano could be a hindrance; his most inventive piano writing, he claimed, was to be found in his song accompaniments. (Buckland 1999: 346.) His own favourite pieces were the 15 Improvisations ranging in date from 1932 to 1959 and in dedicatee from Marguerite Long to Edith Piaf. This confirms that the piano was not always a vehicle for his deepest thought, he called the Thà ¨me varià ©e (1951) an oeuvre sà ©rieus and included a retrograde version of the theme in the coda to show that he was up with the latest serial idea, but it is hardly the best of him. (Sadie 2001: 228.) 4. CONCLUSION Through my research on Les Six, I have concluded that each of these six composers were very different in style, and had their own unique technique. Each of them made huge contributions to Les Six and keeping the title going for a long time before they embarked their separate careers. But it is very evident that they all had different musical backgrounds but could each collaborate with one another to make music work. The composers that influenced and created the group Les Six have clearly made a mark in 20th century music. It is very clear that the goals they aimed for were achieved through their music and the talent that each one of them brought to this versatile group. It is remarkable that the different ideas they all had could be compiled into one idea as a group. SOURCES Buckland, S. 1999. Francis Poulenc: Music, Art, and Literature. United Kingdom: Ashgate Publishing Limited. Collaer, P. 1988. Darius Milhaud. San Francisco Press. Grout, D. 2009. A History of Westerm Music, eighth edition. New York: Cornell University. Kelly, B. 2003. The Tradition and Style in the Works of Darius Milhaud. United Kingdom : Ashgate Publishing Limited. Latham, A. 2002. The Oxford Companion to Music. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Mellers, W. 1993. Oxford Studies of Composers: Francis Poulenc. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Owen, P. 2011. Les Six. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Peter Owen Publishers. http://www.britannica.com/EBcheck/topic/547009/Les-six. 10 September 2011 Sadie, S. 2001. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition. New York: Macmillan Publishers Limited. Spratt, G. 1987. The Music of Arthur Honegger. Cork: Cork University Press.